MLA

note : The MLA Handbook : 8th edition has changed from the structures of former editions and now offers a new approach to citing assorted sources. The update book turns its management toward a more simplified and universal structure to encompass a kind of sources you may encounter. It encourages the logic that arsenic long as your citation includes the core elements, it still aligns with proper MLA principles and provides the following generalize social organization : MLA CITATION FORMAT ( MLA Handbook, 8th ed., p. 20 )

1. Author
2. Title of Source
3. Title of Container (larger work, such as an anthology)
4. Other Contributors
5. Version
6. Number
7. Publisher
8. Publication Date
9. Location
10. Date of access (recommended for online resources)

The Library of Congress offers these quotation structures for versatile formats of primary sources accessible done LOC.gov as a usher.

Entire Website

The web site of the Library of Congress connects users to content areas created by the Library ’ s many experts. In some cases, contented can be posted without a clear up indication of writer, title, publisher, or publication date. Look for available clues and give adenine much data as potential, including the URL and date accessed .
MLA Citation Format
( MLA Handbook, 8th erectile dysfunction. )
structure

1. Name of the author, compiler, director, editor, narrator, performer, or translator of the work (when the site is also the publisher omit here and instead place in publisher section)
2. Title of the work (italicized if the work is independent; in roman type and quotation marks if the work is part of a larger work)
3. Title of the overall website (italicized), if distinct from item 2
4. Other Contributors
5. Version or edition used
6. Number
7. Publisher or sponsor of the site; omit if not available.
8. Date of publication; omit if not available.
9. DOI or URL (DOI is encouraged and “http://” is left out)
10. Date of access (recommended for online resources)

Examples :
stopping point name, First mention. “ section of Website. ” Title of the Website, other Contributors, Version, Number, Name of publisher or sponsor, Date of publication, DOI or URL. Day Month Year of entree. choose. URL .
Library of Congress. United States Government, 10 Feb 2012, www.loc.gov/. Accessed 16 Feb. 2017 .

Articles and Essays

Articles and essays include examples that illustrate collection themes. many collections include particular items, such as timelines, family trees or scholarly essays, which are not elementary reservoir documents. such content has been created to enhance understand of the solicitation. If no generator is named, in most cases The Library of Congress may be cited as the generator .
MLA Citation Format:
( MLA Handbook, 8th erectile dysfunction. )
structure

1. Author last name, author first name
2. Title (italicized if independent; in roman type and quotation marks if the work is part of a larger work)
3. Title of the overall website (italicized)
4. Version or edition
5. Publisher; omit if not available
6. Date of publication (day, month, year); omit if not available
7. URL or DOI
8. Date of access

Examples :
last list, First name. Title. Title of the Website, Version or version, Publisher ,. Day Month Year of issue, URL. Day Month Year of access .
brief History of the National Parks. Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/collection/national-parks-maps/special-presentation/. Accessed 10 Feb. 2012 .

Cartoons and Illustrations

Cartoons and illustrations included in newspapers, magazines or early periodicals often represent the diachronic perspectives and opinions of the fourth dimension of publication. This exemplification, Join or Die from the May 9, 1754, Pennsylvania Gazette, was published by Benjamin Franklin and expresses his views about the need for the colonies to join forces to confront their reciprocal concerns with England. This is often referred to as the first political cartoon .
MLA Citation Format:
( MLA Handbook,8th ed. )
structure

1. Artist last name, artist first name
2. Title of work (in quotation marks)
3. Format (cartoon or illustration)
4. Title of Container (website or database) italicized
5. Other Contributors
6. Publication information
   • Newspapers: Name of Print Publication date, page numbers (mark as pp. #)
   • Journals: Volume number, date of publication, page number (mark as pp. #)
   • Books: City: Name of Publisher, date of publication, page numbers if being referenced (mark as pp. #).
7. DOI or URL.
8. Date of access

Examples :
last name, First Name. “ Title. ” Illustration. Newspaper deed, [ Location ], Day Month Year of publication, page issue, choose. URL. Day Month Year of access .
Franklin, Benjamin. “ Join or Die. ” exemplification. The Pennsylvania Gazette, 9 May 1754, Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/2014647887/. Accessed 16 Feb. 2017 .

Films

Films and other moving images offer ocular tools for studying not alone the technology of a fourth dimension, but besides the prevailing sociable attitudes .
MLA Citation Format:
( MLA Handbook, 8th erectile dysfunction. )
structure

1. Film Title (quotation marks)
2. Director Name or relevant creator name, e.g., Dir. John Doe
3. Title of Container (original producer) italicized, original production date.
4. Other Contributors
5. Version (if it is edited—e.g., director’s cut)
6. Number (if within a set of episodes or section—e.g., part two)
7. Title of database or website (italicized)
8. Publication Date (omit if not shown)
9. Location (DOI, URL)
10. Date of access

Examples :
“ Film Title. ” Directed by First name last Name, Distributor, version, number, Title of the Website, Day Month Year, URL. Day Month Year of access .
Filmed by Frederick S. Armitage. “ Bargain Day, 14th Street, New York. ”, American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, 1905. Library of Congress,10 Aug. 2012, www.loc.gov/item/00694373. Accessed 16 Feb. 2017 .

Government Publications

many government publications originate through executive departments, federal agencies, and the United States Congress. Many of the documents are chronicle records of government proceedings, which become part of the Congressional Record. These documents are much posted without a authorize indication of generator, title, publisher or copyright go steady. Look for available clues and give a much information as possible, including date accessed .
MLA Citation Format:
( MLA Handbook,8th ed. )
structure

1. Name of government
2. Name of agency
3. Title of the publication (italicized)
4. Publisher, year published.
5. Title of the database or website (italicized)
6. DOI or URL
7. Congressional information or location (if applicable)
8. Date of access

Examples :
Government. Agency identify. Title of Publication, foliate numbers. publisher, Year published. deed of the Website. URL. congressional data or localization ( opt. ). location. Day Month Year of entree .
United States, House of Representatives. Annals of Congress, pp. 747-48. Gales and Seaton, 1849. Library of Congress. memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ ampage ? collId=llac & fileName=llac003.db & recNum=370. Proceedings, 2nd Congress, 2nd session. Accessed 16 Feb. 2017 .

Manuscripts

The Library of Congress on-line collections include letters, diaries, recollections, and other written fabric. One example is this letter from Helen Keller to Mr. John Hitz. Helen describes her trip to Chicago to visit the World ’ sulfur Columbian Exposition of 1893.

MLA Citation Format:
( MLA Handbook, 8th erectile dysfunction. ) .
structure

1. Author last name, author first name
2. Title (italicized, or quotation marks for a minor work)
3. Date of composition (omit if not shown; for uncertain dates place a question mark—e.g. 1870?)
4. Name of library, institution, or collection which houses the work, followed by the location
5. Form of the material (version) – (Manuscript or Typescript)
6. Publisher or website (italicized)
7. URL
8. Date of access

Examples :
last diagnose, First name. “ Title. ” Date. Institution, city. form of the fabric. title of the Website. URL. Day Month Year of access .
Keller, Helen. “ Letter to John Hitz 29 Aug. 1893. ” 1893, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Typescript. Library of Congress. www.loc.gov/item/magbellbib004020. Accessed 16 Feb. 2017 .

Maps and Charts

Maps are far more than merely maps of cities and towns. They document historical places, events, and populations, arsenic well as growth and changes over time. This map is from the Library of Congress on-line collections .
MLA Citation Format:
( MLA Handbook, 8th erectile dysfunction. )
structure

1. Cartographer or Creator
2. Title (italicized; in roman type and quotation marks if the work is part of a larger work)
3. Title of Container (if part of a larger work, include that title, italicized, after the format)
4. Other Contributors
5. Format (map or chart)
6. Publisher
7. Publisher date
8. Location
9. URL or DOI
10. Date of access

Examples :
Cartographer. Title, Title of Container, early Contributors, Map. publisher, date, Location, Title of the Website, URL. Day Month Year of access .
Map of the West Coast of Africa from Sierra Leone to Cape Palmas, including the Colony of Liberia, Map. Finley, 1830. Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/96680499. Accessed 10 Feb. 2012 .

Newspapers

historic newspapers provide a glance of historic time periods. The articles, adenine well as the advertising, are an appealing way to get a spirit at the regions of the country or the universe and the issues of the day .
MLA Citation Format:
( MLA Handbook, 8th erectile dysfunction. )
structure

1. Author last name, author first name (if applicable)
2. Title of article (in quotation marks)
3. Name of newspaper (italicized), city of publication if needed, such as local, less-known newspapers (square brackets, not italicized)
4. Other Contributors
5. Version or Edition
6. Issue Number
7. Publication Date
8. Title of the database or website (italicized)
9. URL or DOI
10. Date of Access

Examples :
last mention, First name. “ Title of Article. ” Title of Newspaper [ city ], other contributors, Version, Issue ordinal number, Day Month Year published, Title of the Website, URL. Day Month Year of access. “ release education While You Wait For Orders Home. ” The Stars and Stripes, 6 Dec. 1918. Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/sn88075768/1918-12-06/ed-1. Accessed 10 Feb. 2012 .

Oral History Interviews

MLA Citation Format:
( MLA Handbook, 8th erectile dysfunction. ) .
social organization

1. Interviewee last name, first name
2. Title of the interview (if any) In quotations if it is part of a publication, in italics if published independently. Use Interview without quotes or italics if there is no title
3. Name of interviewer if known
4. Publisher: Title of the database or website (italicized)
5. Date of interview
6. URL or DOI
7. Date of access

Examples :
concluding name, First name. “ Title of Interview. ” By Name of Interviewer, Day Month Year of Interview. Title of the Website, URL. Day Month Year of access .
Patton, Gwendolen M. “ Gwendolyn M. Patton oral history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier. in Montgomery, Alabama, 2011-06-01. ” Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/afc2010039_crhp0020/. Accessed 16 Feb. 2017 .

Photographs

Photographs and drawings appear in many of the Library of Congress digitized historical collections. This photograph from the Library ‘s on-line collections shows casualties of war on the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania .
MLA Citation Format:
( MLA Handbook, 8th erectile dysfunction. )
structure

1. Artist last name, artist first name
2. Title (italicized)
3. Date of composition
4. Version (photograph)
5. Title of Container (name of the institution it is housed), country or state.
6. Publisher: Title of the database or website (italicized)
7. Date published URL or DOI
8. Date of access

Examples :
last name, First name. Title. Date of composition, Photograph, Institution, Country. Title of the Website, Date published on site, URL. Day Month Year of access .
O’Sullivan, Timothy H. Incidents of the War. A Harvest of Death. 1865, Photograph, Library of Congress, Washington D.C., www.loc.gov/item/2018667213/. Accessed 10 Feb. 2012 .

Sound Recordings

This recording of Thomas Mann performing hurry to the Wedding is an model of anglo-american dance music on the dulcimer recorded in July, 1937 .
MLA Citation Format:
( MLA Handbook, 8th erectile dysfunction. )

social organization

1. Creator last name, creator first name
2. Title (quotation marks)
3. Title of Container (e.g. album—italicized)
4. Any additional performers are listed here – first name followed by last name
5. Indicate the original audio format (CD, audiocassette, etc.)
6. Manufacturer and year published/issued
7. When citing a performance, list the date of the performance here, with the abbreviation “rec.” preceding the date
8. Title of the database or website (italicized)
9. URL or DOI
10. Date of access

Examples :
last name, First identify. “ Song title. ” Perf. First name last name, Manufacturer, Year, Rec. Day Month Year Original format. title of the Website, URL. Day Month Year of access .
Mann, Thomas. “ haste to the Wedding. ” Rec. July 1937 by Sydney Robertson Cowell, 78 revolutions per minute. Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/2017700868/. Accessed 10 Feb. 2012 .

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